【獸(shou)藥名稱】

 通用名稱： 伊維菌素溶液                       

商品名稱(cheng)：無(wu)                           

英文名稱： Ivermectin Solution               

漢語拼音： Yiweijunsu Rongye

【主要成分】 伊維(wei)菌素                             

【性狀(zhuang)】 本品為無色的(de)澄清液(ye)體。

【藥(yao)理作用(yong)】 藥(yao)效(xiao)學   伊維菌素(su)(su)(su)主(zhu)要對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)體內線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)體表節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)具有(you)良(liang)好驅殺作用(yong)。其驅蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)作用(yong)機理在于(yu)促進突觸(chu)前(qian)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)釋放 γ-氨(an)基丁酸(suan)（GABA）從(cong)而打開(kai)GABA介導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)離(li)子通道(dao)。伊維菌素(su)(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)無脊椎動(dong)物(wu)(wu)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)和(he)肌肉細(xi)(xi)胞(bao)位(wei)于(yu)GABA介導(dao)位(wei)點附近的(de)(de)(de)谷氨(an)酸(suan)介導(dao)的(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)離(li)子通道(dao)也(ye)具有(you)選擇性和(he)高(gao)親和(he)力(li)(li)，從(cong)而干擾神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)肌肉間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)信號傳遞，使蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體松(song)弛麻(ma)痹，導(dao)致(zhi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體死亡或被排出(chu)體外。線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)抑制(zhi)性中間(jian)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)和(he)興奮性運動(dong)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)元(yuan)是(shi)其作用(yong)部位(wei)，而節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)部位(wei)是(shi)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)(jing)肌肉接頭。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)羊的(de)(de)(de)血(xue)矛線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、奧斯特(te)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、古柏線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)(mao)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（包括艾氏毛(mao)(mao)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)）、圓(yuan)形線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、仰口線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、細(xi)(xi)頸(jing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)(mao)首(shou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食道(dao)口線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、網(wang)尾線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)以及綿(mian)(mian)羊夏伯特(te)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、第四(si)期幼(you)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)驅除(chu)(chu)率 97%~100%。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)節(jie)肢(zhi)動(dong)物(wu)(wu)亦(yi)很有(you)效(xiao)，如蠅(ying)(ying)蛆、螨和(he)虱(shi)等(deng)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)嚼虱(shi)和(he)綿(mian)(mian)羊羊蜱(pi)蠅(ying)(ying)療(liao)效(xiao)稍差。伊維菌素(su)(su)(su)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)蜱(pi)以及糞便(bian)中繁殖(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)蠅(ying)(ying)也(ye)極(ji)(ji)有(you)效(xiao)，藥(yao)物(wu)(wu)雖不能(neng)立即使蜱(pi)死亡，但(dan)能(neng)影(ying)響攝食、蛻皮(pi)和(he)產卵，從(cong)而降低生殖(zhi)(zhi)能(neng)力(li)(li)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)血(xue)蠅(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)相似。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)蛔蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、紅色豬(zhu)圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、蘭氏類圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、毛(mao)(mao)首(shou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、食道(dao)口線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、后圓(yuan)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)、有(you)齒冠尾線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)成蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)及未(wei)成熟蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)體驅除(chu)(chu)率達94%~100%，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)腸道(dao)內旋毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)（肌肉內旋毛(mao)(mao)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無效(xiao)）也(ye)極(ji)(ji)有(you)效(xiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)豬(zhu)血(xue)虱(shi)和(he)豬(zhu)疥螨也(ye)有(you)良(liang)好控制(zhi)作用(yong)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)吸蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)絳蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)無效(xiao)。

   藥(yao)(yao)動(dong)學(xue)   伊維菌素的(de)藥(yao)(yao)動(dong)學(xue)因(yin)動(dong)物(wu)種屬、劑型和(he)(he)(he)給藥(yao)(yao)途(tu)徑的(de)不同而有(you)明顯(xian)差異。皮(pi)下(xia)注射(she)的(de)生(sheng)物(wu)利用度比(bi)(bi)內(nei)服高(gao)，但內(nei)服比(bi)(bi)皮(pi)下(xia)注射(she)吸收(shou)迅(xun)速。吸收(shou)后能(neng)很(hen)好分布到大(da)部(bu)分組織，但不易(yi)進(jin)入(ru)腦脊髓(sui)液。綿羊和(he)(he)(he)豬(zhu)的(de)表觀分布容積分別為4.6L/kg和(he)(he)(he)4L/kg。在(zai)大(da)多數動(dong)物(wu)有(you)較(jiao)長的(de)半衰期(qi)，綿羊和(he)(he)(he)豬(zhu)分別為2~7天(tian)和(he)(he)(he)0.5天(tian)。本(ben)品(pin)在(zai)肝(gan)進(jin)行代謝，在(zai)綿羊主要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行羥化，在(zai)豬(zhu)主要(yao)(yao)為甲(jia)基(ji)化。主要(yao)(yao)從糞便排(pai)出(chu)(chu)，少于5%以(yi)原形或代謝產物(wu)從尿中(zhong)排(pai)泄。在(zai)泌乳母畜(chu)有(you)高(gao)達5%的(de)給藥(yao)(yao)量從乳中(zhong)排(pai)出(chu)(chu)。

【藥物相互作(zuo)用】 與乙胺嗪同(tong)時使(shi)用，可能(neng)產(chan)生嚴重的(de)或(huo)致死性腦病。

【作用與用途】 大環內酯(zhi)類抗寄生蟲藥(yao)。用于(yu)防治(zhi)羊、豬的線蟲病(bing)，螨(man)病(bing)和寄生性昆蟲病(bing)。

【用(yong)(yong)法與用(yong)(yong)量(liang)】 內服：一次量(liang)，每 10kg 體重，羊0.67ml；豬1.0ml。

【不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)】 按規定的用法用量使用尚未見不(bu)良(liang)反應(ying)。

【注意事項】（1）產乳供人食(shi)用的羊，在泌乳期(qi)不得使(shi)用。

（2）母豬妊(ren)娠前期45 日(ri)慎用。

（3）伊維菌素(su)對蝦、魚及(ji)水生生物有(you)劇(ju)毒，殘(can)留藥(yao)物的(de)包(bao)裝及(ji)容器切勿污染水源。

【休藥期】羊(yang)35日，豬28日。             

【規格(ge)】0.3%                     

【包裝】5ml×20支/盒                         

【貯藏】密閉(bi)，在(zai)涼暗干燥(zao)處保存。

【批(pi)準文號】獸藥字(zi)221236293     

【執行(xing)標準(zhun)】《中華(hua)人(ren)民(min)共和國獸藥典》2020年版一(yi)部

【有效(xiao)期】2年(nian)